Several volcanic cones occur in this section of the Gregory Rift, including Oldoinyo Lengai which erupts on average every 15–20 years. The Natron-Manyara branch contains large alkaline lakes, including Lake Natron (pH > 12) which is a major breeding ground for flamingo. The northern Tanzania divergence is an area of the Gregory Rift where three branches are recognized. The Gregory Rift (eastern branch) is associated with intensive volcanism. This Late Cenozoic phenomenon is still active. The Serengeti Plains are underlain by some of the oldest rocks on Earth, granite-gneiss and greenstone of the Central African Craton, but the most significant geologic feature of the region is the East African Rift System.
The grassy savannas of the Serengeti Plains and the self-contained ecosystems of the Ngorongoro Caldera are gazetted as natural wonders of the world. The fauna and flora are protected in world-famous national parks and conservation areas. Northern Tanzania is a region of spectacular landforms, with some of the largest and most diverse concentrations of wildlife remaining on Earth.
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